HAM Surname DNA Project
Research
through Genetics
HAM DNA Group #1
ANCESTRAL Y-SEARCH Study for the HAM Surname DNA Project
This Group has been tested as I1-M253 / I-Z59 / I-Z382 / I-Z2040 (was I1a)
GOAL: To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #1.
Date: January 14, 2007
Updated menu, links, and haplotype group May, 2018
Removed defunct Ysearch links Dec, 2022
GOAL: To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #1.
PROCEDURE
Step 1: Obtain Genetic Distance for Group #1, as given from Dean McGee's Utility:
Step 2: Determine the ancestral haplotype for the group by use of Genetic Distance sums.
Step 3: Deduce the Ancestral Haplotype by study of the changing (or mutating) markers for the Group.
Step 4: Graph out the Ancestral Haplotype using PHYLIP to verify the age by comparison to the Group.
Step 5: Search the YSEARCH Database (no longer available) for matches to this "Ancestral" Haplotype:
The results:
Group #1 Ancestral DNA Distribution (matches) throughout Europe
Group #1 matches in England
Group #1 matches in Ireland
Group #1 matches in Scotland
Group #1 matches in Germany
Group #1 matches in Sweden
Group #1 matches in Norway
Group #1 matches in Denmark
The HAM DNA Group 1 Ancestral output from Dean McGee's
Utility
GOAL:
To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #1.
PROCEDURE:
1) Run Dean McGee's Utility to determine the Genetic Distance for the Group.
2) Determine the ancestral haplotype for the group by use of Genetic Distance sums.
The largest sums for the most markers tested should indicate the most
ancestral haplotype(s).
3) Deduce the Ancestral Haplotype by study of the changing (or mutating) markers for the Group.
4) Graph out the Ancestral Haplotype using PHYLIP to verify the age by comparison to the Group.
5) Search the Y-Search database for matches to the ancestral haplotype.
- From this search, report out the percentage matches that do not exist
in the US.
(Also see Marvin Hamm's web site for Y-Search results for a more recent time line.)
I believe these results could then be used to provide some direction for locating ancestors in future research.
Step 1: Obtain Genetic Distance for Group #1, as given from Dean McGee's Utility:
Group #1 Genetic Distance SUMS:
|
| ID | 4
0
7
7
7
W
m
V
A
| 6
8
1
4
0
W
m
V
A
| 5
8
5
5
9
W
m
V
A
| 7
0
4
5
0
W
m
V
A
| 2
1
5
5
4
A
r
t
h
| 4
2
3
7
0
W
m
N
C
| 4
6
2
4
6
G
e
o
r
| 5
5
3
3
0
W
m
N
C
| 2
7
8
1
4
V
a
l
n
|
|
40777 WmVA
| 67 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 12 |
|
68140 WmVA
| 0 | 37 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 12 |
|
58559 WmVA
| 1 | 1 | 37 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
|
70450 WmVA
| 2 | 2 | 1 | 37 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 12 |
|
21554 Arth
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
|
42370 WmNC
| 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 67 | 3 | 0 | 14 |
|
46246 Geor
| 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 37 | 1 | 13 |
|
55330 WmNC
| 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 3 |
|
27814 Valn
| 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 14 | 13 | 3 | 37 |
SUM:
|
24
|
24
|
25
|
32
|
7
|
34
|
37
|
15
|
78
|
|
|
|
- Infinite allele mutation model is used
- Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested
|
Step 2: Determine the ancestral haplotype for the group by use of Genetic Distance sums.
Sorting the SUMS per participant in Group #2:
Participant
SUM # of markers
27814 Valentine GE 78 37
46246 George EN 37 37
42370 William NC 34 67
70450 William VA 32 37
58559 William VA 25 37
40777 William VA 24 67
68140 William VA 24 37
55330 William NC 15 12
21554 Arthur WV 7 12
The largest sums should indicate the most genetically distant, and
therefore the further back in time it takes to reach the Most Recent
Common Ancestor. Kit #27814 is actually Group #5, and relates to
Group #1 some 1,500 years ago. We want something more recent than 1,500
years ago, so we want to find an Ancestral Haplotype somewhere between
27814 and the rest of Group #1. Preferably, closer to Group #1 than to 27814 for this study.
Kits 27814, 46246, 42370, and 70450 have the largest sums for Genetic Distance,
which I am using as a definition for the term "Ancestral."
27814, 46246, 42370, and 70450 have at least 37 markers tested, which should be sufficient to examine for the Ancestral Haplotype.
Step 3: Deduce the Ancestral Haplotype by study of the changing (or mutating) markers for the Group.
We have the most ancient for the group, as determined by the sums from the Genetic Distance columns.
Now, our task is to determine what the Ancestral haplotype should
look like by comparing the mutating markers for these individuals.
GROUP 1
|
|
|
|
3
9
3 |
3
9
0 |
1
9
|
3
9
1 |
3
8
5
a |
3
8
5
b |
4
2
6 |
3
8
8 |
4
3
9 |
3
8
9
1 |
3
9
2 |
3
8
9
2 |
4
5
8 |
4
5
9
a |
4
5
9
b |
4
5
5 |
4
5
4 |
4
4
7 |
4
3
7 |
4
4
8 |
4
4
9 |
4
6
4
a |
4
6
4
b |
4
6
4
c |
4
6
4
d |
4
6
0 |
G
A
T
A
H
4 |
Y
C
A
II
a |
Y
C
A
II
b |
4
5
6 |
6
0
7 |
5
7
6 |
5
7
0 |
C
D
Y
a |
C
D
Y
b
|
4
4
2
|
4
3
8 |
|
27814
|
Valentine
HAMME (1723-1766 Elseheim, Germany) |
13
|
22
|
14
|
10
|
13
|
15
|
11
|
14
|
11
|
14
|
11
|
30
|
15
|
8
|
9
|
8
|
11
|
23
|
16
|
20
|
30
|
12
|
14
|
14
|
16
|
10
|
10
|
17
|
21
|
16
|
15
|
17
|
20
|
34
|
37
|
12
|
10
|
|
|
46246
|
George HAM, ( 1760 England - ) |
13
|
22
|
14
|
10
|
13
|
14
|
11
|
14
|
11
|
13
|
11
|
29
|
14
|
8
|
9 |
11
|
11
|
23
|
16
|
20
|
27
|
12
|
14
|
14
|
16
|
11
|
10
|
19
|
21
|
14
|
14 |
16
|
20
|
35
|
36
|
11
|
10
|
|
|
42370
|
William
J. HAM ( 1819 NC - 1890 AL ) |
13
|
22
|
15
|
10
|
13 |
14
|
11
|
14
|
11
|
13
|
11
|
29
|
14
|
8
|
9 |
8
|
11
|
23
|
16
|
20
|
27
|
12
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
11
|
10
|
19
|
21
|
14
|
14
|
16
|
20
|
35
|
36
|
11
|
10
|
|
|
|
70450
|
William
HAM ( est 1755 - 1813 VA )
|
13
|
22
|
14
|
10
|
13
|
14
|
11
|
14
|
12
|
14
|
11
|
30
|
14
|
8
|
9 |
8
|
11
|
23
|
16
|
20
|
27
|
12
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
11
|
10
|
19
|
21
|
14
|
14
|
16
|
20
|
36
|
37
|
11
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
Out of the first 37 markers, the markers that are mutating for 46246, 42370, and 70450 (indicated with a cyan background) are:
The Mutating markers for these more distance kits:
DYS19
DYS439
DYS389i DYS389ii DYS455 DYS464c CDYa CDYb
Kit #
|
DYS19
|
DYS439
|
DYS389i
|
DYS389ii
|
DYS455
| DYS464c
|
CDYa
|
CDYb
|
27814
|
14
|
11
|
14
|
30
|
8
| 14
|
34
|
37
|
46246
|
14
|
11
|
13
|
29
|
11
| 14
|
35
|
36
|
42370
|
15
|
11
|
13
|
29
|
8
| 15
|
35
|
36
|
70450
|
14
|
12
|
14
|
30
|
8
| 15
|
36
|
37
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In order to
determine our Ancestral Haplotype, we will use what is most different
for these three individuals and work our way up to 43250 (white
background). That is, we want to look for the markers that are different from the three colored in GREEN
here. We want to work toward the values for 27814, but keep in
mind that we want to stay closer to the individuals with the green
background.
First we can see that DYS19 is NOT mutating for 27814, but is only changing for one individual in green. We will use that value of "15" for DYS19 in our Ancestral Haplotype.
Next, we will select the value of 12 for DYS439, and so on.
Taking the values that are different for each of the rest of the mutating markers (cyan, above), then becomes:
ANCESTRAL:
DYS19 = 15
DYS439 = 12
DYS389i = 14
DYS389ii = 30
DYS455 = 11
DYS464c = 14
CDYa = 36
CDYb = 37
The rest of the markers will be taken from Group #1 (in GREEN). That is, the
remaining Ancestral Haplotype will then consist of the same values as
the non-mutating markers for these three individuals in GREEN, since we want something closer to the individuals in GREEN.
ANCESTRAL
13 22
15 10 13
14 11 14
12 14 11 30 14 8 9 11 11
23 16 20 27 12 14
14 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16 20 36 37
11 10
Step 4: Graph out the Ancestral Haplotype using PHYLIP to verify the age by comparison to the Group.
Input data for Dean McGee's Utility for Group #1 with the inclusion of the ANCESTRAL Haplotype:
ANCESTRAL
13 22
15 10 13
14 11 14
12 14 11
30 14 8
9 11 11
23 16 20
27 12 14
14 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16
20 36 37
11 10
40777 WmVA 13 22
14 10 13
14 11 14
11 14 11
30 14 8
9 8 11
23 16 20
27 12 14
15 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16
20 36 36
11 10 11
8 15 16
9 11 10
8 9 9
12 22 25
14 10 12
12 14 8
12 25 20
13 13 11
12 11 11
12 11
68140 WmVA 13 22
14 10 13
14 11 14
11 14 11
30 14 8
9 8 11
23 16 20
27 12 14
15 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16
20 36 36
11 10
58559 WmVA 13 22
14 10 13
14 11 14
11 14 11
30 14 8
9 8 11
23 16 20
27 12 14
15 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16
20 36 37
11 10
70450 WmVA 13 22
14 10 13
14 11 14
12 14 11
30 14 8
9 8 11
23 16 20
27 12 14
15 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16
20 36 37
11 10
21554 Arth 13 22
14 10 13
14 11 14
11 14 11 30
42370 WmNC 13 22
15 10 13
14 11 14
11 13 11
29 14 8
9 8 11
23 16 20
27 12 14
15 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16
20 35 36
11 10 11
8 15 16
9 11 10
8 9 9
12 22 25
14 10 12
12 14 8
12 25 20
13 13 11
12 11 11
12 11
46246 Geor 13 22
14 10 13
14 11 14
11 13 11
29 14 8
9 11 11
23 16 20
27 12 14
14 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16
20 35 36
11 10
55330 WmNC 13 22
15 10 13
14 11 14
11 13 11 29
27814 Valn 13 22
14 10 13
15 11 14
11 14 11
30 15 8
9 8 11
23 16 20
30 12 14
14 16 10
10 17 21
16 15 17
20 34 37
12 10
|
After running Dean McGee's Utility for Group #1 with the inclusion of
the ANCESTRAL Haplotype, the PHYLIP compatible TMRCA table comes to:
10
ANCESTRAL 0 700 700 600 500 1800 800 700 1800 1600
40777_WmVA 700 0 200 325 400 775 375 600 1800 1475
68140_WmVA 700 200 0 325 400 775 500 600 1800 1475
58559_WmVA 600 325 325 0 325 775 600 700 1800 1350
70450_WmVA 500 400 400 325 0 1300 700 800 2350 1475
21554_Arth 1800 775 775 775 1300 0 1800 1300 1800 1300
42370_WmNC 800 375 500 600 700 1800 0 500 775 1725
46246_Geor 700 600 600 700 800 1300 500 0 1300 1600
55330_WmNC 1800 1800 1800 1800 2350 1800 775 1300 0 2350
27814_Valn 1600 1475 1475 1350 1475 1300 1725 1600 2350 0
|
And the resulting Graph looks like a reasonable choice for the Ancestral Haplotype:
The "ANCESTRAL" location looks very similar to kit 46246, and only perhaps a generation
out from 46246.
(That is, if you didn't want to go through this Ancestral
procedure, then 46246 would have been sufficient, as it is the most ancient.)
Kits 21554 and 55330 only tested for 12 markers, whereas the rest of
the group have tested for more markers. They have not really tested
enough markers yet to be included in the preparation. It is OK that 21554 and 55330 appears to be more ancient here, as their chart will change if they test for more markers.
This should be far enough back in time, we wanted something close to the groups, yet not as old as 27814.
Having a suitable Ancestral Haplotype, now use it for the Y-Search for matches to the Ancestral Haplotype.
Step 5:
Search the YSEARCH Database (no longer avvailable) for matches to this "Ancestral" Haplotype:
ANCESTRAL
13 22
15 10 13
14 11 14
12 14 11 30 14 8 9 11 11
23 16 20 27 12 14
14 16 11
10 19 21
14 14 16 20 36 37
11 10
In effect, we are looking for the location to match this Group #1 some 700 years ago.
Matching entered genetic markers on at least 37 markers, allowing
a genetic distance of 1 per marker matched above 15.
I am looking for about 1500 matches, in an effort to improve the statistics.
This Y-Search on the "Ancestral" Haplotype, and got a search
that yielded 1473 matches, using this search:
I then searched through these matches for all of the "known" and NON-USA
matches, and tallied up the totals (669 were non-USA), then worked out
percentages of where this "Ancestral" Haplotype should be found in the
world.
(Also see Marvin Hamm's web site for Y-Search results for a more recent time line.)
The results:
Group #1 Ancestral DNA Distribution (matches) throughout Europe
1473 matches obtained.
669 returned a Country other than the US or "unknown"
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
England 261 39.0 %
Ireland
97 14.5 %
Scotland 96 14.4 %
Germany 59 8.8 %
Sweden
32
5.9 %
Norway
19
4.8 %
Denmark
18
2.7 %
France
14
2.1 %
Switzerland 10 1.5 %
Wales
10
1.5 %
Canada
8
1.2 %
Netherlands 8 1.2 %
Italy
6
0.9 %
Spain
5
0.8 %
---------
643
OTHER (less than 1 % each): 26
Finland 4
Belgium 3
Poland 3
Austria 2
Lithuania 2
Nevis 2
Puerto Rico 2
Barbados 1
Belarus 1
Cuba 1
Jamaica 1
Romania 1
Russia 1
Slovakia 1
Ukraine 1
Presuming that we
could determine something from these totals, I would guess that this
group should be found mostly in England, with smaller portions from
Ireland and Scotland. It would appear that they should be twice as
likely to be from England than from either Ireland or Scotland, and
over 4 times as likely to be from England than from Germany.
The problem that I
am observing is the Genetic Distance, which appears to be larger than I
would have wanted it to be. (Given the current search options from YSearch, I did not permit more than one mutation
per marker, in an attempt to obtain some meaningful results. ) It
has occurred to me that the search may have to be repeated or corrected.
Therefore, I did repeat the search (as a reality check) with a return of 1011 matches, which gave about the same percentages.
Very similar results as Group #2 (R1b1c as opposed to I1a), until the list falls below England, Ireland, Scotland, and Germany.
At the moment, our
of Group #1, kit 46246 claims descent from England. Similar to Group #1
is kit #27814 (in Group #5), who claims descent from Elseheim, Germany.
More differences from Group #2 appear when the distribution is listed within each country (below).
It is interesting that for these countries, many give city or county
locations. It is almost as if I could see how many locations are in
common for the majority matching in England, Ireland, or Scotland, for
example.
ENGLAND:
From the totals
that I have for England, and without going to very much trouble of
attempting to determine the name of the County for the cities, I get a
rough account of the results that look something like this:
Yorkshire 11
London
9
Crewkerne 9
Lancashire 7
Cornwall
6
Staffordshire 6
Herfordshire 6
Essex
5
Northampton 5
Dorset
4
Kent
4
Leicestershire 4
Oxfordshire 4
Berkshire
3
Norfolk
3
Isle of Man 3
Sussex 3
Devonshire 2
Gloucestershire 2
Redditch 2
Kingston, Somerset
2
Northumberland
2
Cumbria
2
others (one each): 18
So, it is apparent
that from the locations in England, the most likely locations of origin
should be closely matched by Yorkshire, followed next by London,
Crewkerne, Lancashire, Cornwall, and so on. Group #1 appears to
be distributed widely in England among at least the top 6 or 7 locations. You can find a map of English Shires from the 10th century at:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-060.jpg
IRELAND:
From the results for Ireland, the obvious appears to be Northern Ireland. Antrim and Ulster having the largest totals.
The totals as I have them:
Northern Ireland 12
Antrim 6
Ulster 6
Dublin 2
Lanarkshire 2
Waterford 2
Notice that the totals for Northern Ireland match what we might expect from Yorkshire.
SCOTLAND:
The totals as I have them for Scotland:
Shetland Isles 9
Lanarkshire 5
Aberdeen 3
Fife 2
Glasgow 2
Hamilton 2
Notice that the Shetland Islands nearly match the totals from Yorkshire and London as well.
GERMANY
Prussia
4
Alsace-Lorraine 3
Baden-Wurttenberg 2
Westphalia 2
-----------------------------------------
SWEDEN
Ostergotland 4
Halland lan 3
Skaraborgs län 3
Stockholm 3
-----------------------------------------
NORWAY
Friedrikstad 3
-----------------------------------------
DENMARK
Aarhus 2
Randers Amt 2
-----------------------------------------
FRANCE
Lorraine 2
Also see Marvin Hamm's web site for Y-Search results for a more recent time line.
- Dave Hamm Jan 14th, 2007