HAM Surname DNA Project
Research
through Genetics
Group #2
ANCESTRAL Y-SEARCH Study for the HAM Surname DNA Project
This Group has been tested as R1b1a2 R-M269 / R-U106 / R-Z306 (was R1b1c)
GOAL: To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #2.
Date: January 7 - 14th, 2007
Updated menu and haplotype group May, 2018
GOAL: To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #2.
PROCEDURE
Step 1: Obtain Genetic Distance for Group #2, as given from Dean McGee's Utility:
Step 2: Determine the ancestral haplotype for the group by use of Genetic Distance sums.
Step 3: Deduce the Ancestral Haplotype by study of the changing (or mutating) markers for the Group.
Step 4: Graph out the Ancestral Haplotype using PHYLIP to verify the age by comparison to the Group.
Step 5: Search the YSEARCH Database (www.ysearch.org) for matches to this "Ancestral" Haplotype:
The results:
Group #2 Ancestral DNA Distribution (matches) throughout Europe
Group #1 matches in England
Group #1 matches in Ireland
Group #1 matches in Scotland
Group #1 matches in Germany
Group #1 matches in Wales
Group #1 matches in Spain
Group #1 matches in France
The HAM DNA Group 2 Ancestral output from Dean McGee's
Utility
Filed separately is the HAM DNA Group
2 Spectral Reconstruction Phylogenetic chart.
GOAL: To determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #2.
PROCEDURE:
1) Run Dean McGee's Utility to determine the Genetic Distance for the Group.
2) Determine the ancestral haplotype for the group by use of Genetic Distance sums.
The largest sums for the most markers tested should indicate the most
ancestral haplotype(s).
3) Deduce the Ancestral Haplotype by study of the changing (or mutating) markers for the Group.
4) Graph out the Ancestral Haplotype using PHYLIP to verify the age by comparison to the Group.
5) Search the Y-Search database for matches to the ancestral haplotype.
- From this search, report out the percentage matches that do not exist
in the US.
I believe these results could then be used to provide some direction for locating ancestors in future research.
Step 1: Obtain Genetic Distance as given from Dean McGee's Utility:
|
Genetic Distance
|
| ID | 4
3
2
5
0
R
i
S
C
| N
1
3
3
0
3
H
A
M
| 4
6
1
1
8
L
e
S
C
| 5
7
2
9
8
B
a
r
t
| 5
6
7
5
3
J
o
h
n
| 4
1
6
4
1
J
o
V
A
| 4
8
9
8
8
O
b
S
C
|
|
43250 RiSC
| 25 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 10 |
|
N13303 HAM
| 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|
46118 LeSC
| 9 | 1 | 67 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|
57298 Bart
| 9 | 1 | 0 | 67 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|
56753 John
| 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 37 | 2 | 3 |
|
41641 JoVA
| 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 37 | 3 |
|
48988 ObSC
| 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 37 |
SUM:
|
48
|
9
|
14
|
14
|
17
|
16
|
22
|
|
|
|
- Infinite allele mutation model is used
- Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested |
Step 2: Determine the ancestral haplotype for the group by use of Genetic Distance sums.
Sorting the SUMS per participant in Group #2:
Participant
SUM # of markers
43250 Richard SC 48 25
48988 Obediah SC 22 37
56753
John
17 37
41641 Joseph VA 16 37
57298 Bartlett VA 14 67
46118 Levi SC 14 67
N13303 Hal HAM 9 12
The largest sums should indicate the most genetically distant, and
therefore the further back in time it takes to reach the Most Recent
Common Ancestor. Kit #43250 is actually Group #3, and relates to
Group #2 some 2,000 years ago. We want something more recent than 2,000
years ago, so we want to find an Ancestral Haplotype somewhere between
43250 and 48988, 56753, and 41641. Preferably, closer to 48988, 56753, and 41641.
Kits 43250,
48988, 56753, and 41641 have the largest sums for Genetic Distance,
which I am using as a definition for the term "Ancestral."
48988, 56753, and 41641 have 37 markers tested which should be sufficient to examine for the Ancestral Haplotype.
43250 is problematic to work with, because only 25 markers have been tested.
Step 3: Deduce the Ancestral Haplotype by study of the changing (or mutating) markers for the Group.
We have the most ancient for the group, as determined by the sums from the Genetic Distance columns.
Now, our task is to determine what the Ancestral haplotype should
look like by comparing the mutating markers for these individuals.
GROUP
2
|
|
|
|
3
9
3 |
3
9
0 |
1
9
|
3
9
1 |
3
8
5
a |
3
8
5
b |
4
2
6 |
3
8
8 |
4
3
9 |
3
8
9
1 |
3
9
2 |
3
8
9
2 |
4
5
8 |
4
5
9
a |
4
5
9
b |
4
5
5 |
4
5
4 |
4
4
7 |
4
3
7 |
4
4
8 |
4
4
9 |
4
6
4
a |
4
6
4
b |
4
6
4
c |
4
6
4
d |
4
6
0 |
G
A
T
A
H
4 |
Y
C
A
II
a |
Y
C
A
II
b |
4
5
6 |
6
0
7 |
5
7
6 |
5
7
0 |
C
D
Y
a |
C
D
Y
b
|
4
4
2
|
4
3
8 |
|
|
43250
|
Richard
HAM ( EST 1740-45 - BEF 1800 SC ) |
13
|
24
|
14
|
10
|
11
|
14
|
12
|
12
|
12
|
13
|
13
|
30
|
17
|
8
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
25
|
15
|
19
|
32
|
15
|
15
|
17
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56753
|
John HAM ( 1812 KY
- 1878 IN ) |
13
|
24
|
14
|
12
|
11
|
14
|
12
|
12
|
12
|
13
|
15
|
29
|
16
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
25
|
14
|
20
|
31
|
15
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
10
|
11
|
19
|
22
|
16
|
14 |
17
|
16
|
35
|
36
|
12
|
12
|
|
|
|
41641
|
Joseph HAM (1740
-1799 VA ) |
13
|
24
|
14
|
12
|
11 |
14
|
12
|
12
|
12
|
13
|
15
|
29
|
16
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
25
|
14
|
20
|
32
|
15
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
10
|
11
|
19
|
22
|
16
|
14
|
17
|
16
|
36
|
36
|
12
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
48988
|
Obed Jones HAMN (1790->98 SC - 1880 in AL) |
13
|
25
|
14
|
12
|
11
|
14
|
12
|
12
|
12
|
13
|
15
|
29
|
16
|
9
|
10
|
11
|
11
|
25
|
14
|
20
|
31
|
15
|
15
|
16
|
17
|
10
|
10
|
19
|
22
|
16
|
14
|
17
|
16
|
36
|
36
|
12
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
|
Out of the first 37 markers, the markers that are mutating for 56753, 41641, and 48988 (indicated with a cyan background) are:
The Mutating markers for these more distance kits:
DYS390
DYS391
DYS449 GATAH4 CDYa
Kit #
|
DYS390
|
DYS391
|
DYS449 |
GATAH4 |
CDYa
|
43250
|
24
|
10
|
32
|
-
|
-
|
56753
|
24
|
12
|
31
|
11
|
35
|
41641
|
24
|
12
|
32
|
11
|
36
|
48988
|
25
|
12
|
31
|
10
|
36
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In order to
determine our Ancestral Haplotype, we will use what is most different
for these three individuals and work our way up to 43250 (pink
background).
First we can see that DYS391 is mutating for Group #2, but is NOT changing for these three individuals. We will use that value of "12" for DYS391 in our Ancestral Haplotype.
Taking the values that are different for each mutating marker, then becomes:
ANCESTRAL:
DYS390 = 25, but I will use the value of 24, since we know 43250 is the
more ancient than the others.
DYS391 = 10, but I will use the value of 11, since it is a value
between 43250 and the other three.
DYS449 = 32, since we know 43250 is the more ancient than the others.
GATAH4 = 10
CDYa = 35
and the
remaining Ancestral Haplotype will then consist of the same values as
the non-mutating markers for these three individuals.
ANCESTRAL
13 24
14 11 11
14 12 12
12 13 15
29 16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
32 15 15
16 17 10
10 19 22
16 14 17
16 35 36
12 12
Step 4: Graph out the Ancestral Haplotype using PHYLIP to verify the age by comparison to the Group.
Input data for Dean McGee's Utility for Group #2 with the inclusion of the ANCESTRAL Haplotype:
43250 RiSC
13 24 14
10 11 14
12 12 12
13 13 30
17 8 10
11 11 25
15 19 32
15 15 17 17
N13303 HAM 13 24
14 11 11
14 12 12
12 13 15 29
ANCESTRAL 13 24
14 11 11
14 12 12
12 13 15
29 16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
32 15 15
16 17 10
10 19 22
16 14 17
16 35 36
12 12
46118 LeSC 13 24
14 12 11
14 12 12
12 13 15
29 16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
31 15 15
16 17 10
11 19 22
16 14 17
16 36 36
12 12 11
9 15 16
8 10 10
8 10 10
12 23 23
15 10 12
12 15 8
12 23 20
14 12 11
13 11 11
13 12
57298 Bart 13 24
14 12 11
14 12 12
12 13 15 29
16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
31 15 15
16 17 10
11 19 22
16 14 17
16 36 36
12 12 11
9 15 16
8 10 10
8 10 10
12 23 23
15 10 12
12 15 8
12 23 20
14 12 11
13 11 11
13 12
56753 John 13 24
14 12 11
14 12 12
12 13 15
29 16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
31 15 15
16 17 10
11 19 22
16 14 17
16 35 36
12 12
41641 JoVA 13 24
14 12 11
14 12 12
12 13 15
29 16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
32 15 15
16 17 10
11 19 22
16 14 17
16 36 36
12 12
48988 ObSC 13 25
14 12 11
14 12 12
12 13 15
29 16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
31 15 15
16 17 10
10 19 22
16 14 17
16 36 36
12 12
|
After running Dean McGee's Utility for Group #2 with the inclusion of
the ANCESTRAL Haplotype, the PHYLIP compatible TMRCA table comes to:
8
43250_RiSC 0 2350 1975 2225 2225 2225 1975 2475
N13303_HAM 2350 0 775 1300 1300 1300 1300 1800
ANCESTRAL 1975 775 0 600 600 500 500 600
46118_LeSC 2225 1300 600 0 150 325 325 400
57298_Bart 2225 1300 600 150 0 325 325 400
56753_John 2225 1300 500 325 325 0 400 500
41641_JoVA 1975 1300 500 325 325 400 0 500
48988_ObSC 2475 1800 600 400 400 500 500 0
|
And the resulting Graph looks like a reasonable choice for the Ancestral Haplotype:
Having a suitable Ancestral Haplotype, now use it for the Y-Search for matches to the Ancestral Haplotype.
Step 5:
Search the YSEARCH Database (www.ysearch.org) for matches to this "Ancestral" Haplotype:
ANCESTRAL
13 24
14 11 11
14 12 12
12 13 15
29 16 9
10 11 11
25 14 20
32 15 15
16 17 10
10 19 22
16 14 17
16 35 36
12 12
In effect, we are looking for the location to match this Group #2 some 600 years ago.
Matching entered genetic markers on at least 37 markers, allowing
a genetic distance of 1 per marker matched above 18.
This Y-Search on the "Ancestral" Haplotype, and got a search
that yielded 1392 matches.
I then searched through these matches for all of the "known" and NON-USA
matches, and tallied up the totals (708 were non-USA), then worked out
percentages of where this "Ancestral" Haplotype should be found in the
world.
The search:
http://www.ysearch.org/search_results.asp?uid=&freeentry=true&L1=13&L2=24&L3=14&L4=0&L5=11&L6=11&L7=14&L8=12&L9=12&L10=12&L11=13&L12=15&L13=29&L14=16&L15=9&L16=10&L17=11&L18=11&L19=25&L20=14&L21=20&L22=32&L23=15&L24=15&L25=16&L26=17&L27=0&L28=0&L29=0&L30=10&L31=10&L32=19&L33=22&L34=16&L35=14&L36=17&L37=16&L38=35&L39=36&L40=12&L41=12&L54=0&L55=0&L56=0&L57=0&L58=0&L59=0&L60=0&L61=0&L62=0&L63=0&L42=0&L64=0&L65=0&L66=0&L67=0&L68=0&L69=0&L70=0&L71=0&L49=0&L72=0&L73=0&L51=0&L74=0&L75=0&L76=0&L77=0&L78=0&L79=0&L80=0&L43=0&L44=0&L45=0&L46=0&L47=0&L48=0&L50=0&L52=0&L53=0&L81=0&L82=0&L83=0&L84=0&L85=0&L86=0&L87=0&L88=0&L89=0&L90=0&L91=0&L92=0&L93=0&L94=0&L95=0&L96=0&L97=0&L98=0&L99=0&L100=0&min_markers=37&mismatches_max=6&mismatch_type=sliding&mismatches_sliding_starting_marker=18&haplo=®ion=
=============================
The results:
England 247 - 34.9 %
Ireland 130 18.4 %
Scotland 122 17.2 %
Germany 53 7.5 %
Wales 35 4.9 %
Spain
22 3.1 %
France 20 2.8 %
Mexico 19 2.7 %
Canada 11 1.6 %
other 49 6.9 %
(less than 2 % each)
Presuming that we
could determine something from these totals, I would guess that this
group should be found mostly in England, with smaller portions from
Ireland and Scotland. It would appear that they should be twice as
likely to be from England than from either Ireland or Scotland.
The problem that I
am observing is the Genetic Distance, which appears to be larger than I
would have wanted it to be. (I did not permit more than one mutation
per marker, in an attempt to obtain some meaningful results.) So, it
has occurred to me that the search may have to be repeated or corrected.
It is interesting that for these countries, many give city or county
locations. It is almost as if I could see how many locations are in
common for the majority DNA matching in England, Ireland, or Scotland, for
example.
ENGLAND:
From the totals
that I have for England, and without going to very much trouble of
attempting to determine the name of the County for the cities, I get a
rough account of the results that look something like this:
Worcestershire 15
London
6 (Depending upon some interpretation,
sometimes identified with Shoreditch or Middlesex, for example.)
Devonshire 4
Essex
4
Gloucestershire 4
Kent
4
Lancashire 4
Lincolnshire 4
Yorkshire
4
Somerset
3
Staffordshire 3
Bedfordshire 2
Bristol
2
Buckinghamshire 2
Cornwall
2
Manchester 2
Oxfordshire/Oxon 2
Shoreditch 2
Somerset
2
Staffordshire 2
Suffolk
2
Surrey
2
Wiltshire
2
So, it is apparent
that from the locations in England, the most likely locations of origin
should be by far Worcestershire, followed next by London, Devonshire,
Essex, and so on. Worcestershire appears to be about 2 to 3 times
as likely place of origin than most of the others locations. You
can find a map of English Shires from the 10th century at:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-060.jpg
IRELAND:
From the results for Ireland, the obvious appears to be Northern Ireland.
Antrim, Dublin, and Donegal having the largest totals.
The totals as I have them:
Northern Ireland 9
Antrim 7
Dublin 5
Donegal 4
Tyrone 3
Ulster 3
Cork 2
Kilkeel 2
Limerick 2
SCOTLAND:
The totals as I have them for Scotland:
Aberdeen 4
Shetland Isles 4
Dumfries 3
Glasgow 3
GERMANY
Alsace 2
Baden 2
Palatinate/Pfalz 2
Hesse/Hessen 2
Saarland 2
WALES
Merionethshire 4
Carmarthenshire 4
Glamorgan 2
Brecknockshire 2
SPAIN
Canary Islands 3
Madrid 2
FRANCE
Saint Hilaire 1
Bretagne
1
Chateauneuf du Faou 1
Dieppe
1
La Rochelle, Poitou-Charentes 1
Lorraine
1
- Dave Hamm Jan 7 - 14th, 2007