HAM Surname DNA Project
Research
through Genetics
HAM
DNA Group # 4
Y-SEARCH Study for the HAM Surname DNA Project
This Group has been tested as I1b (I-M170)
GOAL: To
determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM DNA Group #
4.
Date:
December 9, 2007
Updated menus and haplotype group May,
2018
Removed defunct YSearch links Dec 13, 2022
GOAL: Perform a Y-Search
in order to determine the possible ancestral origins for the HAM
DNA Group # 4.
PROCEDURE
There have not been
enough participants in Group #4 for an Ancestral procedure, so a
simple Y-Search study has been performed here.
Step 1:
Search the
Y-SEARCH Database (now defunct www.ysearch.org) for matches to
this "HAM DNA AGroup # 4" Haplotype:
The results: Group #4 Y-Search DNA
Distribution (matches) throughout Europe
Group #4 matches in England
Group #4 matches in Ireland
Group #4 matches in Scotland
Group #4 matches in Germany
GOAL:
To determine the possible ancestral origins for
the HAM DNA Group #4.
PROCEDURE:
5) Search the Y-Search database for matches to the ancestral
haplotype.
-
From this search, report out the percentage matches that do NOT
exist in the US.
These results
could then be used to provide some guidance for locating ancestors
in future research.
Step
1:
Search the YSEARCH Database (www.ysearch.org no longer exists) for
matches to this "HAM DNA Group 4" Haplotype:
47412
Richard HAM (Est 1660 England - BEF 1726 VA) I1b
13 23
15 11 12
14 11 13
13 12 11
29 18 10
10 11 11
25 15 21
29 11 16
16 17
In effect, we are looking for the location to match this Group # 4
to the immigrant ancestor across the Atlantic.
Matching entered genetic markers on at least 15
markers, allowing a genetic distance of 1 per marker matched above
10.
I am looking for about 1500 matches, in an effort to improve the
statistics. The search returned about 1000 matches.
This Y-Search
on the "Ancestral" Haplotype, and got a search that yielded 1025
matches.
I then searched
through these matches for all of the "known" and NON-USA matches,
and tallied up the totals (494 were non-USA), then worked out
percentages of where this "Ancestral" Haplotype should be found in
the world.
The results:
Group #4 Ancestral
DNA Distribution (matches) throughout Europe
1025 matches obtained.
494 returned a Country other than the US or "unknown"
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
England 197
39.9 %
Ireland
80
16.2 %
Scotland 79
16.2 %
Germany 43
8.8 %
France
18
3.7 %
Wales
18
3.7 %
Switzerland 11
2.2 %
Poland
8
1.6 %
Netherlands
8
1.6 %
Bahamas
4
0.8 %
Canada
4
0.8 %
Mexico 4
0.8 %
Spain
3
0.6 %
Ukraine
3
0.6 %
Norway
2
0.4 %
---------
643
OTHER (less than 0.5 %
each): 8
Belarus 1
Czech 1
Israel
1
Russia 1
Serbia 1
Sicily
1
Sweden 1
Turkey 1
Presuming that
we could determine something from these totals, I would guess that
this group should be found mostly in England, with smaller
portions from Ireland and Scotland. It would appear that they
should be twice as likely to be from England than from either
Ireland or Scotland, and over 4 times as likely to be from England
than from Germany.
The problem
that I am observing is the Genetic
Distance, which appears to be larger than I would have
wanted it to be. (Given the current search options from YSearch, I
did not permit more than one mutation per marker, in an attempt to
obtain some meaningful results. ) It has occurred to me that the
search may have to be repeated or corrected.
Therefore, I
did repeat the search (original search was in January, 2007) with
a return of 1916 matches, which gave about the same percentages.
However, the January search was of lower quality, only searching
for matches on 8 markers. Although the general percentages
remained the same, but the specific percentages changed somewhat
(for specific locations). Today, the Y-Search database is
reflecting improved data from an increase in the number of
participants.
Very similar results as Group #2 ( R1b1c ), until the list falls below England,
Ireland, Scotland, and Germany.
At the moment,
we have no participants in Group 4 that can indicate the immigrant
ancestor with any certainty, but he is presumed to have immigrated
from England, since Virginia was a colony of England.
More differences
from Group #4 appear when the distribution is listed within each
country (below).
It is
interesting that for these countries, many give city or county
locations. It is almost as if I could see how many locations
are in common for the majority matching in England, Ireland, or
Scotland, for example.
ENGLAND:
From the totals
that I have for England, and without going to very much trouble of
attempting to determine the name of the County for the cities, I
get a rough account of the results that look something like this:
County
Worcester (or Worcestershire) 12
(Not applicable, as all from Worcestershire indicated haplotype R1b1c, as opposed to I1b.)
Kent
8
Suffolk
7
London
5
Yorkshire
4
Cornwall
4
others (less
than 4
each):
18
Of those that
matched Worcestershire, these were matches to the R1b1c haplotype, similar
to our HAM DNA Group # 2. The HAM DNA Group # 4 here is
tested out as I1b.
So,
I did not exclude other indicated haplotypes (R1a, R1b3, etc.)
from this particular search. This indicates to me that this
search will need to be refreshed as the data becomes available.
It is
apparent that from the locations in England, the most likely
locations of origin should be closely matched by Kent, followed
next by Suffolk, London, Yorkshire, Cornwall, and so
on. Group #4 appears to be distributed widely in England
among at least the top 5 locations.
You can find a map of English Shires from the 10th century at:
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-060.jpg
IRELAND:
From the
results for Ireland, the obvious appears to be Northern
Ireland. County Cork and County Down having the largest
totals.
The more
significant totals as I have them:
Northern
Ireland
(9)
County Cork 6
County Down 6
Cavan
3
Ulster
3
Notice that the
total matching for Northern Ireland match what we might expect
from Worcestershire or Kent in England.
SCOTLAND:
The more significant totals as I have
them for Scotland:
Dumfries
3
Inverness-shire 3
Glasgow, Lanarkshire 3
Midlothian
3
Edinburgh, Midlothian 3
Perthshire
3
Aberdeen
2
Isle of Mull, Argyllshire 2
Shetland Isles 2
GERMANY
Hesse/Hessen
5
Schlochau,
WPR
3
Baden
2
- Dave
Hamm Dec 9th, 2007